Valveless internal-combustion motor.



R. SLABY. VALVBLBBS INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTU. APPLICATION FILED NOV.17, 1911. 1,099,576. Patented June 9,1914.

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R. SLABY. vALvELBss INTERNAL ooMBUs'rIoN MOTOR.

.APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 17, 1911.

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RUDOLF SLBY, or vcrniimoTTE`issues, GERMANY.

` vALvELEss INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTOR.

l isipecifcationof Letters Patent.

Patented June 9, 1914.

Application iiled November 17, 1911. Serial No. 660,810.

To all whom it may concern: l

Be it known thatl, RUDOLF SLABY, asub-1f ject of the King of-Prussia, residing at 33 Sophienstrasse, Charlottenburg, near Berlin; 1 Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Valveless Internal- Combustion Motors; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention.- i

My invention relatesto a'- valveless inter? nal combustion motor in which the distribu-A tion is controlled by the pistons,all special valves and driving geartherefor being omitted. .V

The motor comprises a cylinder 'contain- .ing two p'istons,.which are individually driven-by the crank-shaft in such manner" that they at times move in the same direction as, and at times opposite to one another, so that during each revolution of the crankshaft the volume of gas between the pistons is twice compressed and twice expands. .Y

A primary object of my invention is to provide that the admission and exhaust are controlled through ports in the cylinder, said ports being controlled by the pistons. To

`this end, I provide that the motionl of the two pistons is unsymmetrical to such an' eX- tent that the paths traversed by t-he plstons differ from one another during the suction and exhaust in a predetermined manner as is -fully described hereinafter.

Several illustrative embodiments of my invention are represented by way of example in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a longitudinal section showing a motor in which each piston is driven by a separate crank eccentric thereto; Fig. 2 is a like view of a motor in which one piston is driven by an eccentric crank gear and the second by the connecting-rod extending beyond the crosshead-pin; Fig. 3 is .a like view of a motor. in which `the second piston is driven by the connectin rod 4extending Vbeig. 4 is a like View of a motor ,in which the two pistons are both driven through the medium of one common journal by an eccentric crank-gear for each. '.Figs..l 5,6 and 7` are like` views showingv al modified form of the motor according to Fig. l in various ositions. Fig. 8 is a like View vshowing 'a orm `similar to that shownin4 F ig. 14, but the second piston' @is driven by two crank-gears.V .Figs. '9 and l0 diagrammatically show lthe individual relative positions of the two pistons of .the

n parts in all views. f-

motors according to Figs. 3 and 5, respec tively, yand Fig. 11 Shows a modified form of the'crankmecha'nism according to Fig. 3. .Like reference numerals designatek like ``Referring firstly to Fig. 1, Vthe cylinder '15, openat both ends, is enlarged at its ends yto 4form the crank chambers 16 and 17. On the fianges 20 and 23 of these chambers'are mounted the covers 18 `and 19 having corresponding flanges 21 and 22,. respectively.

The cylinder is surrounded by-'a' cooling jacket 39. The pistons 1 and 2in each of which 1s journaled a pin aand 6,respectively, in a bearingy 3 and 4, respectively,

move in the cylinder. Attached to these pins are theendsl of connecting-rods 7 and 8l whose other ends are attachedvto the crank- `pins 9 and 10. These pins 9 and l0 are on cranks 11 and'12 fast on theV main shafts 13 and 14, respectively.' For obtaining the unsymmctrical motion of the pistons-the two crank mechanisms are 4displaced' in different directions, that is to say, the shaft13 yis located below and the shaft 14 abovet-he middle of the engine. Owing tothis eccentricity the velocities at which `the pistons move to and fro vvary in magnitude. Asthe` two-cranks are displaced opposite directions, at the moment when the speed of the piston 2 is least the s eed of the piston 1 will be a maximum. X ters the distances between the two pistons are equal. When changing from one dead.

center to the other, the pistons gradually move apart until the greatest distance between the pistons depending on the stroke is obtained, and then approach one another.

Consequently, during each revolution of the two cranks the pistons approach one another' twice and move away from one another twice. Consequently, during each revolution one complete ,four stroke cycle can be obtained, suction and compression taking place during one half revolution ofl the .cranks and, ignition and exhaust during the other. The slots or ports for sucking' in the gaseous mixture and for expelling. 'the products of combustion must be arranged in `such 4manner in the cylinder that they are liberated b v the pistons at the suitable moments (Fig. 5 shows one form of motor and its slots or ports). In order to obtain a. specially el'ective variation of volume in the/arrangement according to Fig.` 1 theeccentricity must be sufficiently great, which t the two dead ceni revolution of the crank-shaft can likewise be obtained by displacing the middle of the crank-shaft from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or by attaching the lever to the connecting-rod at a point located laterally of its longitudinal axis. In this marmer- I obtain that the suction and exhaust stroke occur at different parts of the cylinder whereby simultaneous openingof the two rows of'ports or double opening of one row of ports during one revolution is prevented. The displacement of the middle of tl i crank-shaft from the longitudinal axisv of the cylinder requires to be only small in order to, obtain considerable deviations in the individual working phases. Various forms are shown in thedrawings.

Referring to Fig. 2, a hollow cylindrical rojection or iange 26 of the piston 1 pro- ]ects into the piston 2. The annular chamb er 27 between the two pistons constitutes the combustion chamber.

The connecting-rod 7 projects beyond the piston-pin 5 and carries at its free 'end a pin 24 to which the lever 25 is attached. The latter is also attached to the pin 6 journaledin a'bearing 4 in the piston 2.

In Fig. 3, the numeral 1- designates the upper and 2 the lower piston. The piston 1 is driven by an eccentric crank-gear. The

connecting-rod 7 projects beyond the crankpin and acts through the' lever 25 on the piston 2. In this arrangement the hood 18 is for-med as a guide for the piston 2.

In the illustrative embodiment according to Fig, 4 the piston 1 moves in the piston 2. Both the pistons are driven by eccentric crank mechanism comprising the connecting-rods 7 and 8 and the common crank 11. The middle of the crank-shaft 13 is displaced out of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.

Fig. 5 shows a motor comprisingthe crank mechanism according to Fig. 3, but the pistons are inserted one in the other in the manner according to Fig. 4. The piston 1 moves in av bushing 28 provided below the piston 2, and is driven by the eccentric crank mechanism 1,1, while the piston 2 is driven by the lever 25 attached to the lengthened connecting-rod 7 The gaseous mixture en- The piston 1 isV driven by the eccentric crank-mechanism 11. Y

tering through the pipe 30 is conducted through both the ports 33 in the cylinder and through ports 31 in the bushing 28, as well as through ducts 32 in the piston 1 into the cylinder chamber 27. The piston l moves rapidly downward, and the piston 2 follows only slowly. Consequently, the suction ports 33, 31 remain connected with the cylinder until the greatest distance between the two pistons obtains. The suction port is now closed. The piston 2 nowrapidly follows the leading' iston `1 and compresses the mixture. In t e lowest position of the two pistons (Fig. 6) the'mixture is compressed and is ignited in the ignition-tube 35 bythe spark-plug 34. During the expansion which now takes place the piston 2 leads in front of the piston 1 and in its top position establishes the connection with the exhaust port (Fig. 7) through the ports 36 and 37 .in the bushing 28 and the walls of the cylinder, respectively. The piston 1 which follows expels the products of combustion until the returning piston 2 again stops the passage through the ports 36 and 37.

In Fig. 10 the various positions of the' pistons are shown diagrammatically. For the sake4 of clearness the exhaustl and admission ports are shown at the same side of the cyllnder. The various positions are as follows v Position a: Expansion has finished, the exhaust ports (36, 37) are just being opened. Both the pistons are moving upward together, piston 1 more quickly than piston 2 (of. also Fig. 7).

Position b: The top piston has passed its highest position and Just closed the exhaust ports. Piston 1 is changingits direction of motion and opening the admission ports 33, 31, 32. Suction begins.

Position 0: Piston has moved downward more quickly than piston 2. Suction .is finished, the admission ports are closed and compression is beginning.

Position d: In the middle of compression. Piston 2 is now .moving downward more quickly than piston 1. The ports are'well covered.

Position e: Both the pistons are at the bottom dead centers, compression is finished and ignition takes place (of. also Fig. 6).

Position f: Middle of expansion. Both the pistons are moving upward, piston 2 more quickly than piston 1.

Fig. 9 diagrammatically shows the various positions of the piston of a motor in which the piston 1 is located above the piston 2, approximately corresponding to the arrangement according to Fig. 3. In the positions a, b, until shortly before the position c suction takes place through` the ports 33, 40, whereupon compression and ignition take place in the position c and'd, respectively. Expansion takes place in the position e, f, g.

The piston l now descends and liberates the exhaust ports 40, 37. Exhaust takes place in the positions L, z', la'. The two pistons then move upward at a fairly constant distance apart in order to move farther apart shortly after the admission port has been opened, and iinally arrive again in position a..

It will be understood from Fig. 9 that it is possible to control the distribution solely through ports in the outer wall of the cylinder, as must be the case, moreover, in motors according to Figs. 2 and 3. It has been ound,khowever, that the operationvis the more exact and the lap greater, the larger the number of the controlling faces of the cylinder.

In the illustrative embodiment according toFig. 8 the piston is driven by the simple eccentric crank 11 and the connecting-rod 7, while the piston 2 is ldriven by the two cranks l1, ll and the two connecting-rods 8, 8', the joint G being guided in the piston 2 by a guide 4l. The movements of the piston 2 are hereby doubled.

As mentioned above, the same action as that obtained owing to ,the eccentricity can be brought about'by a lateral attachment of the lever which moves the second piston. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 11 which otherwise corresponds to the arrangement according to F ig. 3. The lever 25 is pivotally attached to the pin 24 outside the middle of the connecting-rod. In this manner a difference in the movements of the pistons is brought about. All such motors are operated according to the process described above. Obviously, numerous modifications can be made according in each instance to the selection of the individual amounts of lap and to theV direction of rotation of the motor. It is also possible for one and the same motor to run in different directions when the admission and exhaust are exchanged. In general, the eiiciency of thc reversed motor will not be so good, but by employing a smaller displacement favorable conditions can be obtained. It remains to be added that the mode of operation of the motor canv be adapted to the thermically most favorable conditions by, for example, selecting the expansion volume greater than the suction volume, or by causing the pistons to approach closer ltogether when expelling the gases than is requisite for compression.

I claim l. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; of two pistons therein between which the combustion chambers is formed and by which. said ports are controlled, and means to unsymmetrically move the pistons and cause them to twice appreach one another and twice separate during a single cycle.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder, with two pistons reciprocating therein and inclosing the working chamber between themselves, said cylinder having ports for the admission of the gaseous mixture and ports for theV exhaust of the products of (combustion controlled by said pistons, and means for movling the pistons unsymmetrically, said means causing the paths through which the pistons travel during the suction and exhaust to be located at diiierent partsl of the inner periphery of the cylinder. ,i 4, I

3. In an internal combustion enginefthe combination of a cylinder, witlitivo'pisftons reciprocating therein and movingonednthe other, y said cylinder having, ports', forf'the 4,admission and exhaust; of gases controlledby the pistons, and means ormoving the pistons unsymmetrically. ,i l .i s y 4. In an internal combustion `engine,fthe combination of a cylinder, two pistons reciprocating therein, said cylinder having ports for the admission and exhaust of gases controlled by the pistons, and an eccentric crank-gear for driving one of the pistons.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, two pistons reciprocating therein, said cylinder having ports for the admission and exhaust of gases controlled by the pistons, crank mechanism comprising an eccentric crank and a connecting-rod for driving one of the pistons, and means for driving the second piston from the said connecting-rod.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination ot a cylinder, two pistons reciprocating therein, said cylinder having ports for the admission and exhaust of gases controlled by the pistons, crank mechanism comprising an eccentric crank and a connectingrod lengthened beyond the crank-pin for driving one of the pistons, and a lever for driving the second piston pivotally connected to the connecting-rod beyond the crank-pin.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having a set of inlet ports and a set of exhaust ports; of two pistons in the cylinder between which the combustion chamber is formed, -means for unsymmetrically. moving the pistons in the cylinder and causing them to twice recede from one another during a cycle, one ot said sets of ports being piston-controlled.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having inlet ports and exhaust ports; of two pistons therein between which the combustion chamber is formed, said pistons provided with ports, and means to cause the unsymmetrical movement of the pistons twice toward and twice from one another during a cycle of operations.

9.A In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having inlet `and lexhaust ports; of two pistons Atherein between which the combustion chambers `:is formed, one of said pistons having a cylin-` drical ported extension'coperating with lthe other iston and aforementioned ports, La crank 1n the cylinder and means also wlth-in the cylinder connecting the two ,pistons to said crank to unsymmetrically move said pistons. v

10. In an internal combustion englne, the combination with a cylinder having linlet and exhaust ports; of two pistons therein between which the combustion chamber is formed, said pistons having `cylindrical ported extensions coperating with the aforementioned ports, a crank, and means connecting the two pistons to said crank.

11. In .an internal combustion engine, al cylinder having inlet 'and exhaust ports,A two inter-fitting ported pistons insaid cylinder, links pivotally connected together andytwo subscribing witnesses.

.RUDOLF SLABY.

Witnesses: v

HENRY HASPER, RICHARD Gon'rz. 

